Individualizing virtual hardware configurations of deployed desktop virtual machines using custom resource templates

ABSTRACT

Techniques for achieving virtual hardware resources that are individualized across desktop virtual machines (VMs) are identified. Custom resource templates include virtual resource settings that are targeted for specified desktop VMs and that differ from the parent image (i.e., a template or snapshot). A customization manager processes the custom resource templates and applies the corresponding virtual resource settings directly to the specified desktop VMs. To achieve such customization using conventional techniques requires tedious and error-prone manual intervention as well as memory and time-consuming individualized recompose or re-creation operations. Advantageously, by automating and streamlining the customization process, the identified techniques decrease both memory usage and the time required to individualize the desktop VMs.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/489,481, filed Sep. 18, 2014. The content of the application ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/489,481, filed Sep. 18, 2014, further claims thebenefit of Indian Patent Application No. 3886/CHE/2014, filed Aug. 7,2014, and therefore the present application also claims the benefit ofIndian Patent Application No. 3886/CHE/2014.

BACKGROUND

For ease of deployment, software management, and hardware cost reductionreasons, virtual machines (VMs) running in computer systems are oftenused to support virtual desktops for use in an organization in place ofphysical workstations. The virtual desktops execute within the VMs, andthe combination of a desktop and a VM is referred to herein as a“desktop VM” Each desktop VM is typically created as a copy of anexisting parent VM as a “full clone” or a “linked clone.”

A full clone is an independent copy of the parent VM that shares nothingwith the parent VM after the cloning operation. By contrast, a linkedclone is copied from a replica VM derived from a snapshot (i.e.,preserved state) of the parent VM. After the cloning operation, thelinked clones share virtual disks with the replica VM. All clones thatare created from the same parent VM are initially configured with thesame virtual hardware resources (e.g., number of virtual centralprocessing units, amount of memory, etc.) as the parent VM and eachother.

To accommodate varying needs and priorities across organizations, thevirtual hardware resources of individual desktop VMs may be customized.For instance, any number of desktop VMs may be optimized to execute highpriority and computationally intensive work by increasing the number ofCPUs compared to the parent VM. To differentiate the virtual hardwareresources for targeted full clones, an administrator either manuallyconfigures each desktop VM or creates new parent VMs—one for eachdifferent configuration. Similarly, to differentiate the virtualhardware resources for targeted linked clones, the administrator createsa new, individualized snapshot and an additional replica VM for eachdifferent configuration.

Because re-configuring the virtual hardware resources is aper-configuration, predominantly manual process, customizing desktop VMsis time consuming and error-prone, Further, this process requiresadditional memory and storage to support different parent VMs and/orreplica VMs. For example, if a pool of 2000 desktop VMs are configuredas linked clones, and 200 of these desktop VMs are customized to reflect10 different sets of virtual hardware resources, then at least oneparent VM with 10 different snapshots and 10 corresponding replica VMsare generated. Consequently, a more efficient approach to customizingvirtual hardware resources across desktop VMs is desirable.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments provide techniques to customize virtual hardwareresources for desktop virtual machines (VMs). A method for customizingvirtual hardware resources for desktop virtual machines (VMs) includesthe steps of receiving a custom resource template associated withdesktop VMs, where the custom resource template includes custom settingsfor virtual hardware resources of the desktop VMs; transmitting thecustom settings to one or more VM management servers that manage thedesktop VMs; remotely connecting to the VM management servers; poweringoff the desktop VMs; setting the virtual hardware resources of thedesktop VMs to the custom settings; and powering on the desktop VMs.

Further embodiments of the present invention include a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that cause acomputer system to carry out one or more of the above methods as well asa computer system configured to carry out one or more of the abovemethods.

Advantageously, automating and streamlining the customization processenables efficient and accurate individualization of desktop VMs. Bycontrast, to achieve such customization using conventional techniquesrequires tedious and error-prone manual intervention as well asadditional storage and time-consuming recompose or recreationoperations. Consequently, the disclosed techniques decrease both thestorage required and the time required to individualize desktop VMs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates components of a virtualized desktop infrastructuresystem in which one or more embodiments of the present invention may beimplemented.

FIG. 1B is a conceptual diagram of virtual desktop infrastructure serverthat is configured to individualize virtual hardware resources of fullclone desktop virtual machines (VMs) and linked clone desktop VMs,according to one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagrams that illustrate virtual hardwareresource settings for full clone desktop VMs and linked clone desktopVMs, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for customizing virtual hardware resourcesacross deployed desktop VMs, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram that illustrates inputs to acustomization manager and the resulting outputs, according to anembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1A illustrates components of a virtualized desktop infrastructure(VDI) system 100 in which one or more embodiments of the presentinvention may be implemented. In VDI system 100, VDI client softwareprograms (also referred to as “VDI clients” for short), e.g., VDI client110, run on operating systems of local computing devices, e.g., clientmachine 108 on top of an operating system (OS) 111. VDI clients 110provides an interface for the users to access their desktops, which maybe running in one of virtual machines (VMs) 137 or blade server (notshown) in a data center that is remote from the user locations via VDIserver 105. In general, VDI server 105 enables desktop operating systemsand applications to execute inside VMs 137. In one embodiment, the VMmanagement servers are VMware® vCenter™ servers. A desktop operatingsystem executing inside a VM is referred to herein as a desktop VM. WithVDI clients 110 and VDI server 105, users can access desktops running ina remote data center through network 120, from any location, using ageneral purpose computer running a commodity operating system and a VDIclient software program such as VMware® View™, or a special purpose thinclient such as those available from Dell, HP, NEC, Sun Microsystems,Wyse, and others.

VDI system 100 includes a connection broker 122 that manages connectionsbetween VDI clients and desktops running in VMs 137 or other platforms.Connection broker 122 runs in virtual machines VMs 137 and is configuredto manage connections to remote user sessions such as remote desktops.In the embodiments of the present invention VMs 137 are instantiated ona plurality of physical computers 142, 144, 146, each of which includesvirtualization software 138 and hardware 139, is controlled by a virtualmachine management (VMM) server 140, and is coupled to a sharedpersistent storage system 132. VDI system 100 may include any number ofVMM servers 140, and each VMM server 140 may control any number of VMs137.

All of the components of VDI system 100 communicate via network 120. Forsimplicity, a single network is shown but it should be recognized that,in actual implementations, the components of VDI system 100 may beconnected over the same network or different networks. Furthermore, aparticular configuration of the virtualized desktop infrastructure isdescribed above and illustrated in FIG. 1, but it should be recognizedthat one or more embodiments of the present invention may be practicedwith other configurations of the virtualized desktop infrastructure.

FIG. 1B is a conceptual diagram of virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)server 105 that is configured to individualize virtual hardwareresources of full clone desktop virtual machines VMs 162 and linkedclone desktop VMs 164, executing inside VMs 137.

A desktop administration interface 170 enables the user to deploy andmanage a full clone desktop pool 152 and a linked clone desktop pool 154in a centralized fashion. In operation, desktop administration interface170 uses a full clone template 142 as the source for full clone desktoppool 152 that includes ten full clone desktops VMs 162 ₁₋₁₀. Similarly,desktop administration interface 170 uses a parent VM with snapshot 145as the source of a replica VM—the parent VM for linked clone desktoppool 154 that includes ten linked clone desktop VMs 164 ₁₋₁₀. Aftercreation, full clone desktop VMs 162 operate independently of eachother. By contrast, linked clone desktop VMs 164 share virtual diskswith the replica VM. In alternate embodiments, VDI server 105 mayinclude any number (including 0) and combination of full clone templates142, full clone desktop pools 152, parent VM with snapshots 145, replicaVMs, and linked clone desktop pools 154. Further, each full clonedesktop pool 152 may include any number of full clone desktop VMs 162and the number may vary between different full clone desktop pools 152.Each linked clone desktop pool 154 may include any number of linkedclone desktop VMs 164 and the number may vary between different linkedclone desktop pools 154.

By centralizing and automating management of full clone desktops VMs 162and linked clone desktops 164, desktop administration interface 170reduces the time required to setup and maintain full clone desktop pool152 and linked clone desktop pool 154. For instance, an administratormay use desktop administration interface 170 to automate theinstallation of patches and updates on full clone desktop VMs 162 andlinked clone desktop VMs 164 by either modifying full clone template 142(to affect full clone desktop VMs 162) or Parent VM with snapshot 145(to affect linked clone desktop VMs 164)

However, to optimally support various users and tasks, it is alsodesirable to individualize virtual hardware resources (e.g., number ofvirtual CPUs, amount of virtual memory, etc.) across full clone desktopVMs 162 and linked clone desktop VMs 164. Further, because installingpatches and updates removes any customized virtual hardware resourcesettings, restoring these customized settings after patches or updatesare installed is integral to providing a comprehensive customizationsolution. For this reason, embodiments provide a customization manager180 that is programmed to automate and streamline individualization ofvirtual hardware resources for any number of full clone desktop VMs 162and linked clone desktop VMs 164. Customization manager 180 alsoautomates the process of re-customizing individualized virtual hardwareresources after updates and patches.

In some embodiments, customization manager 180 may automate additionalprocesses as stand-alone operations or in combination with thecustomization process. For instance, customization manager 180 mayautomate a combined restore and re-configure process. In otherembodiments, customization manager 180 initially customizes virtualhardware resources, but does not automate the re-customizing ofindividual virtual hardware resources.

Inputs to customization manager 180 include custom resource templatesthat the user creates to specify customized settings for virtualhardware resources for targeted full clone desktop VMs 162 and/or linkedclone desktop VMs 164. In operation, customization manager 180 reads thecustom resource templates and then applies the settings to the targetedfull clone desktop VMs 162 and linked clone desktop VMs 164 withoutmanual intervention. In some embodiments, customization manager 180restores the individualized settings in response to a notification bydesktop administration interface 170—reapplying the individualizedsettings on the designated linked clone desktop VMs 164 or full clonedesktop VMs 162.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagrams that illustrate virtual hardwareresource settings for full clone desktop VMs 162 and linked clonedesktop VMs 164, according to one or more embodiments. Only subsets ofvirtual hardware resources settings are depicted. In general, virtualhardware resource settings may represent any number and type ofconfigurable virtual hardware resources in any combination. Theconfigurable virtual hardware resources may include, among other things,the number of virtual central processing units (annotated as “CPU”), theamount of virtual memory (annotated as “RAM”), the amount of virtualvideo memory, a virtual network interface card, and one or more virtualhard disks (annotated as “HDD1” and “HDD2”).

FIG. 2A shows virtual hardware resource settings that are established bydesktop administration interface 170 prior to customization manager 180executing individualization operations. FIG. 2B shows virtual hardwareresources settings after customization manager 180 has applied a customresource template 210 ₁ to targeted full clone desktop VMs 162 and acustom resource template 210 ₂ to targeted linked clone desktop VMs 164.

As shown in FIG. 2A, full clone desktops VMs 162 ₁₋₁₀ (labelled as“FC1-FC10”) included in full clone desktop pool 152 (labelled as “FC1”)are configured with one virtual central processing unit (CPU), a virtualhard drive, and 1 GB virtual memory. Linked clone desktop VMs 164 ₁₋₁₀(labelled as “L1-L10”) included in linked clone desktop pool 154(labelled as “LC1”) are configured with one virtual CPU, a virtual harddrive, and 1 GB virtual memory.

As shown in FIG. 2B, customization manager 180 has individualized fullclone desktops VMs 162 ₁ and 162 ₁₀ based on custom resource template210 ₁ (labelled as “T1”) that resides in full clone desktop pool 152. Inaddition, customization manager 180 has individualized linked clonedesktop VMs 164 ₁ and 164 ₂ based on custom resource template 210 ₂(labelled as “T2”) that resides in linked clone desktop pool 154. Forillustrative purposes, FIG. 2B highlights in bold the virtual hardwareresource settings that differ from the original virtual resourcehardware settings. In general, custom resource templates 210 are inputtext files that are generated by the administrator to reflect prioritiesand/or expected use patterns that vary across desktop pools. In variousembodiments, the administrator, desktop administration interface 170, orcustomization manager 180 copies the custom resource template 210 to theappropriate desktop pool.

Custom resource template 210 ₁ specifies that full clone desktop VMs 162₁ and 162 ₁₀, included in full clone desktop pool 152, are to receive acustomized virtual resource setting of 4 GB for the virtual memory.Similarly, custom resource template 210 ₂ specifies that linked clonedesktop VMs 164 ₁ and 164 ₁₀, included in linked clone desktop pool 154are to receive two customized virtual resource settings: 2 virtual CPUsand an additional virtual hard drive. As detailed in the method steps ofFIG. 3, customization manager 180 has applied the appropriate customizedvirtual resource settings to full clone desktop VMs 162 ₁ and 162 ₁₀ andlinked clone desktop VMs 164 ₁ and 164 ₂, but not to full clone desktopVMs 162 ₂₋₉ nor to linked clone desktop VMs 164 ₃₋₁₀.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for customizing virtual hardware resourcesacross deployed desktop VMs, according to an embodiment. Although thismethod is described for template 210 ₂, linked clone desktop pool 154,and linked clone desktop VMs 164, the same method steps are followed fortemplate 210 ₁, full clone desktop pool 152, and full clone desktop VMs162. Further, the steps are applied to any number and combination oftemplates 210, full clone pools 152, linked clone pools 154, full clonedesktop VMs 162, and linked clone desktop VMs 164. Typically, alltemplates 210 are processed in one pass through the method steps.

As shown, this method begins at step 303, where customization manager180 receives custom resource template 210 ₂. Customization manager 180reads custom resource template 210 ₂ to determine targeted linked clonedesktop VMs 164 and select the corresponding custom virtual resourcesettings. In some embodiments, customization manager 180 also determinesthat linked clone desktop pool 154 includes targeted linked clonedesktop VMs 164 and then copies custom resource template 210 ₂ totargeted linked clone desktop pool 154. In other embodiments, resourcetemplate 210 ₂ is already included in targeted linked clone desktop pool154.

At step 305, customization manager 180 adds custom resource template 210₂ to a template inventory that is created and maintained bycustomization manager 180. More specifically, customization manger 180adds a group of identifiers for custom resource template 210 ₂, targetedlinked clone desktop pool 154, and targeted linked clone desktop VMs 164to the template inventory. Notably, at any given time, the templateinventory is an archive of custom resource templates 210 thatcustomization manger 180 has applied or is in the process of applying tofull clone pools 152 and linked clone pools 154. By preserving suchinformation, customization manager 180 is capable of reproducing thecustomized virtual resource settings after such settings have beenoverwritten by the original virtual resource settings. Such a scenariooften occurs after a recompose operation that is performed as part ofupgrading or patching linked clone desktop pool 154. Similarly, customresource settings for full clone desktop pool 152 are lost during are-creation operation that is performed to upgrade or patch full clonedesktop VMs 162.

At step 307, customization manager 180 selects one or more VMM servers140 that manage targeted linked clone desktop VMs 164. At step 309,customization manager 180 transmits the selected virtual resourcesettings to the selected VMM servers 140. At step 311, customizationmanager 180 remotely connects to the selected VMM servers 140.Customization manager 180 then powers off targeted linked clone desktopVMs 164 (step 313), applies the selected resource settings to targetedlinked clone desktop VMs 164 (step 315), and powers on targeted linkedclone desktop VMs 164 (step 317). Targeted linked clone desktop VMs 164now reflect the selected virtual resource settings. At step 319, linkedclone desktop VMs 164 operate with virtual resource configurations thatvary across linked clone desktop pool 154 until an upgrade, recompose,or re-creation operation is performed on linked clone desktop VMs 164(step 320).

At step 321, customization manager 180 determines that the targetedlinked clone desktop VMs 164 no longer reflect custom resource template210 ₂. Customization manager 180 may be configured to determine that thecustomized resource settings have been lost in any technically feasiblefashion. For instance, in some embodiments, customization manager 180determines that the customized virtual resources have been overwrittenbased on receiving a re-customization request from the user. In otherembodiment, customization manager 180 may determine that full clonedesktop VMs 162 have been re-created and/or targeted linked clonedesktop VMs 164 have been recomposed.

At step 323, customization manager 180 reads the template inventory toidentify custom resource template 210 ₂, corresponding targeted linkedclone desktop pool 154, and corresponding targeted linked clone desktopVMs 164. If, at this point in time, customization manager 180 hasprocessed custom resource template 210 ₁, then customization manager 180also uses the template inventory to identify custom resource template210 ₁, corresponding targeted full clone desktop pool 152, andcorresponding targeted full clone desktop VMs 162. In general, as partof step 323, customization manager 180 reads the template inventory todetermine all archived custom resource templates 210 and the applicabletargets.

At step 325, customization manager 180 reads custom resource template210 ₂ and generates a re-customization template based on the virtualresource settings included in custom resource template 210 ₂. There-customization template is a text file that includes the informationnecessary to restore the customized virtual resource settings acrosstargeted full clone desktop VMs 162 in targeted full clone desktop pool152, and linked clone desktop VMs 164 in targeted linked clone desktoppoll 154,

In some embodiments, as part of step 325, customization manager 180 mayprune the virtual resource settings prior to writing there-customization template, removing resource settings that are unalteredby patches and/or upgrades to full clone desktop VMs 162 and linkedclone desktop VMs 164. For instance, two virtual hard drives are nottypically replaced with a single virtual hard drive during recompose andre-creation operations.

This method then returns to step 307, where customization manager 180reconfigures linked clone desktop VMs 164. Customization manager 180continues to re-execute steps 307-327, ensuring that individualizedsettings for full clone desktop VMs 162 and linked clone desktop VMs 164are maintained.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram that illustrates inputs to customizationmanager 180 and the resulting outputs, according to an embodiment. Asshown, customization manager 180 reads custom resource templates 210.Customization manager 180 writes template inventory 430, encapsulatingeach custom resource template 210 as a separate template summary 440.Subsequently, to restore resource settings that have been overwritten,customization manager 180 reads template inventory 430, extracting eachtemplate summary 440. Customization manager 180 then re-reads customresource templates 210, and based on template summary 440 and customresource templates 210, writes re-customization template 450—including acustomizations 460 for each template summary 440.

Notably, because the virtual hard drive that is included in customresource 210 ₂ is not lost when patches/or upgrades are applied,customization manager 180 omits this setting from customizations 460 ₂included in re-customization template 450. In general, customizationmanager 180 is configured to optimize the re-customization template 450to exclude irrelevant information.

Advantageously, by automating the customization process, includingarchiving applied templates and restoring customized settings that areoverwritten, customization manager 180 requires less time, effort, andmemory to correctly maintain individualized virtual hardware resourcesettings compared to conventional techniques. For example, unlikeconventional, primarily manual customization techniques, customizationmanger 180 does not proliferate replica VMs and/or full clone templates142. Further, by eliminating many manual operations, customizationmanager 180 reduces the likelihood of errors attributable to customizingfull clone desktops 162 and/or linked clone desktops 164, maintaining aninventory list of customizations, and re-customizing full clone desktops162 and/or linked clone desktops 164 after customizations have beenlost.

The various embodiments described herein may employ variouscomputer-implemented operations involving data stored in computersystems. For example, these operations may require physical manipulationof physical quantities—usually, though not necessarily, these quantitiesmay take the form of electrical or magnetic signals, where they orrepresentations of them are capable of being stored, transferred,combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. Further, suchmanipulations are often referred to in terms, such as producing,identifying, determining, or comparing. Any operations described hereinthat form part of one or more embodiments of the invention may be usefulmachine operations. In addition, one or more embodiments of theinvention also relate to a device or an apparatus for performing theseoperations. The apparatus may be specially constructed for specificrequired purposes, or it may be a general purpose computer selectivelyactivated or configured by a computer program stored in the computer. Inparticular, various general purpose machines may be used with computerprograms written in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may bemore convenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform therequired operations.

The various embodiments described herein may be practiced with othercomputer system configurations including hand-held devices,microprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumerelectronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like.

One or more embodiments of the present invention may be implemented asone or more computer programs or as one or more computer program modulesembodied in one or more computer readable media. The term computerreadable medium refers to any data storage device that can store datawhich can thereafter be input to a computer system—computer readablemedia may be based on any existing or subsequently developed technologyfor embodying computer programs in a manner that enables them to be readby a computer. Examples of a computer readable medium include a harddrive, network attached storage (NAS), read-only memory, random-accessmemory (e.g., a flash memory device), a CD (Compact Discs)—CD-ROM, aCD-R, or a CD-RW, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), a magnetic tape, andother optical and non-optical data storage devices. The computerreadable medium can also be distributed over a network coupled computersystem so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in adistributed fashion.

Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed in some detail for clarity of understanding, it will beapparent that certain changes and modifications may be made within thescope of the claims. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to beconsidered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of theclaims is not to be limited to details given herein, but may be modifiedwithin the scope and equivalents of the claims. In the claims, elementsand/or steps do not imply any particular order of operation, unlessexplicitly stated in the claims.

Virtualization systems in accordance with the various embodiments may beimplemented as hosted embodiments, non-hosted embodiments or asembodiments that tend to blur distinctions between the two, are allenvisioned. Furthermore, various virtualization operations may be whollyor partially implemented in hardware. For example, a hardwareimplementation may employ a look-up table for modification of storageaccess requests to secure non-disk data.

Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements arepossible, regardless the degree of virtualization. The virtualizationsoftware can therefore include components of a host, console, or guestoperating system that performs virtualization functions. Pluralinstances may be provided for components, operations or structuresdescribed herein as a single instance. Finally, boundaries betweenvarious components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary,and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specificillustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality areenvisioned and may fall within the scope of the invention(s). Ingeneral, structures and functionality presented as separate componentsin exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structureor component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as asingle component may be implemented as separate components. These andother variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fallwithin the scope of the appended claim(s).

We claim:
 1. A method of customizing virtual hardware resources fordesktop virtual machines (VMs), comprising: receiving a first customresource template, wherein the first custom resource template specifiesat least (a) a first plurality of desktop VMs that are a subset of apool of desktop VMs, wherein desktop VMs in the pool of desktop VMs areeither full clone VMs created from a full clone template or linked cloneVMs created from a parent VM and snapshot, and wherein each of thedesktop VMs in the pool of desktop VMs is created with the same originalsettings for virtual hardware resources of the desktop VM, and (b)custom settings for virtual hardware resources of the first plurality ofdesktop VMs that differ from the original settings; powering off thefirst plurality of desktop VMs; setting the virtual hardware resourcesof the first plurality of desktop VMs to the custom settings for thevirtual hardware resources of the first plurality of desktop VMsspecified in the first custom resource template; and powering on thefirst plurality of desktop VMs.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising adding, to a template inventory, a representation of thefirst custom resource template.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thefirst custom resource template is a text file.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the first custom resource template is copied to the pool ofdesktop VMs.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving asecond custom resource template that includes custom settings forvirtual hardware resources of a second plurality of desktop VMs;configuring the second plurality of desktop VMs to reflect the customsettings for the virtual hardware resources of the second plurality ofdesktop VMs included in the second custom resource template; and addinga representation of the second custom resource template to a templateinventory.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a first virtual hardwareresource setting included in the custom settings for the virtualhardware resources of the first plurality of desktop VMs in the firstcustom resource template is also included in the custom settings for thevirtual hardware resources of the second plurality of desktop VMs in thesecond custom resource template.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein noneof the custom settings for the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs in the first custom resource template areincluded in the custom settings for the virtual hardware resources ofthe second plurality of desktop VMs in the second custom resourcetemplate.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein both the first plurality ofdesktop VMs and the first custom resource template are included in thepool of desktop VMs, and further comprising adding a representation ofthe first custom resource template to the template inventory comprising:storing in the template inventory a template summary, wherein thetemplate summary includes an identifier for the pool of desktop VMs,identifiers for the first plurality of desktop VMs, and an identifierfor the first custom resource template.
 9. The method of claim 5,further comprising setting the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs to the custom settings again including:receiving a request to re-customize the first plurality of desktop VMsand in response thereto, generating a re-customization template based onat least the representation of the first custom resource template,wherein the re-customization template includes selected custom settingsfor the virtual hardware resources of the first plurality of desktopVMs; and re-configuring the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs to reflect the selected custom settings in there-customization template.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein there-customization template is a text file.
 11. The method of claim 9,wherein generating the re-customization template comprises: reading thetemplate inventory and extracting a first template summary thatspecifies the first plurality of desktop VMs, the first custom resourcetemplate, and the pool of desktop VMs that includes both the firstplurality of desktop VMs and the first custom resource template; readingthe first custom resource template and selecting one or more of thecustom settings for the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs; and writing first re-customization details tothe re-customization template, wherein the first re-customizationdetails include the pool of desktop VMs, the first plurality of desktopVMs, and the selected custom settings.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the custom settings for the virtual hardware resources of thefirst plurality of desktop VMs include a virtual hard disk, andselecting one or more of the custom settings comprises selecting all thecustom settings except the virtual hard disk.
 13. The method of claim11, wherein re-configuring the first plurality of desktop VMs comprises:transmitting the selected custom settings for the virtual hardwareresources of the first plurality of desktop VMs to one or more VMmanagement servers that manage the first plurality of desktop VMs;remotely connecting to the VM management servers that manage the firstplurality of desktop VMs; powering off the first plurality of desktopVMs; resetting the virtual hardware resources of the first plurality ofdesktop VMs to the selected custom settings for the virtual hardwareresources of the first plurality of desktop VMs; and powering on thefirst plurality of desktop VMs.
 14. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: transmitting the custom settings to one or more VMmanagement servers that manage the first plurality of desktop VMs; andremotely connecting to the one or more VM management servers that managethe first plurality of desktop VMs.
 15. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which whenexecuted in a computer system causes the computer system to carry outsteps comprising: receiving a first custom resource template, whereinthe first custom resource template specifies at least (a) a firstplurality of desktop VMs that are a subset of a pool of desktop VMs,wherein desktop VMs in the pool of desktop VMs are either full clone VMscreated from a full clone template or linked clone VMs created from aparent VM and snapshot, and wherein each of the desktop VMs in the poolof desktop VMs is created with the same original settings for virtualhardware resources of the desktop VM, and (b) custom settings forvirtual hardware resources of the first plurality of desktop VMs thatdiffer from the original settings; powering off the first plurality ofdesktop VMs; setting the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs to the custom settings for the virtual hardwareresources of the first plurality of desktop VMs specified in the firstcustom resource template; and powering on the first plurality of desktopVMs.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim15, the steps further comprising: adding, to a template inventory, arepresentation of the first custom resource template.
 17. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, the stepsfurther comprising: receiving a second custom resource template thatincludes custom settings for virtual hardware resources of a secondplurality of desktop VMs; configuring the second plurality of desktopVMs to reflect the custom settings for the virtual hardware resources ofthe second plurality of desktop VMs included in the second customresource template; adding a representation of the second custom resourcetemplate to a template inventory; and setting the virtual hardwareresources of the first plurality of desktop VMs to the custom settingsagain based on at least the first custom resource template including:receiving a request to re-customize the first plurality of desktop VMs,and in response thereto, generating a re-customization template based onat least the representation of the first custom resource template,wherein the re-customization template includes selected custom settingsfor the virtual hardware resources of the first plurality of desktopVMs, and re-configuring the virtual hardware resources of the firstplurality of desktop VMs to reflect the selected custom settings in there-customization template.
 18. A computer system comprising: a memoryconfigured to store instructions; and one or more processors, whereinthe one or more processors are configured to perform the instructionsto: execute a customization manager configured to support customizationof virtual hardware resources of desktop virtual machines (VMs), whereinthe customization manager is configured to: receive custom resourcetemplates, wherein each of the custom resource templates specifies atleast (a) an associated plurality of desktop VMs that are a subset of apool of desktop VMs, wherein desktop VMs in the pool of desktop VMs areeither full clone VMs created from a full clone template or linked cloneVMs created from a parent VM and snapshot, and wherein each of thedesktop VMs in the pool of desktop VMs is created with the same originalsettings for virtual hardware resources of the desktop VM, and (b)custom settings for virtual hardware resources of the associatedplurality of desktop VMs that differ from the original settings, andreconfigure one or more of the desktop VMs based on at least the customsettings for virtual hardware resources specified in the custom resourcetemplates.
 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein thecustomization manager is further configured to: add, to a templateinventory, representations of the custom resource templates.
 20. Thecomputer system of claim 18, wherein the customization manager isfurther configured to determine that virtual hardware resources of thereconfigured one or more of the desktop VMs no longer reflect the customsettings specified in the custom resource templates includingdetermining a recompose or re-creation operation has been performed onthe reconfigured one or more of the desktop VMs.